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(No Model.) f y Y -3 Sheets-Sheet 1. f W. J. THOMAS,Y Decd.

H. THOMAS, Administratrix. KILN FOR BURNING BRICK.

No. 592,842. Patented-Newz, 1897.

@Mle/Mp 5 W. J. THOMAS, Deod.

. H. THOMAS, dministratx. KILN FOR BURNING BRICK.

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`*Puterl'ed Nov. 2, 1897. A

(No Model.) l s sheets-Smets. l

W. J. THOMAS, Deod.

H. THOMAS, Administratrix. KILN FOB. BURNING BRIUK! l1w-592,842. Patented Nov. 2, 1,897.

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' intervals about the kiln.

"NiTED STATES: y

HANNAH THOMAS, OFI'OANAL DOVER, OHIO, ADMINISTRATRIX WILLIAM J. THOMASpDl-IOEASED.

KILN FoR BURNING'BRICK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 592,842, dated November 2, 1897.

Application filed March 30, 1896.

To all ugh/0m t may concern: l

Be it known that WILLIAM J. THOMAS, de` ceased, late a citizen of the United States, residing at Canal Dover, in the county of Tus" carawas and State of Ohio, did in his lifetime invent certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns for Burning Brick, 85e., of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to improvements in up-and-down draft kilns for burning brick, tile, and other clay products, the primary object being to utilize the heat of the furnaces to the best advantage and to uniformly burn and shade the products treated in the kiln; and the invention consists in certain features of construction and combinations of parts and the peculiar connection of two kilns with each other, hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a top plan in horizontal section of two connected kilns embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan in horiiontal section below the floor-line. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on lines 3 3, Figs. l and 2; and Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line 4 4, Figs. 2 and-3.

Referring to the drawings, A`A' designate two circular kilns located a suitable distance apart.

Referring to either one of the kilns, B represents the fires or' furnaces for said kiln.- Said res or furnaces are located at suitable An upright fiue O is located at the rear of each furnace and the combustion-chamber of the furnace is in open relation with said flue. Flues C discharge upwardly into the kiln, preferably about midway of the height of the kiln. The kiln at or near the central portion thereof is provided with a transversely-arranged partition or wall D, that Ydivides the lower portion of the kiln into two rooms or chambers a a', in which the brick, tile, or other clay products are placed for burning. Flues E, arranged parallel with wall D, are provided below the floor of the kiln and are in open relation with the interior of the kiln by means of holes or perforations a2 in the iloors of chambers a a. of the kiln. The two flues E, that are located next adjacent to partition or wall D, are placed in open relation with the interior of Serial No. 585,378. (No model.)

the kiln by means of ducts d, formed in said wall or partition at suitable intervals longitudinally of said Wall. Two comparatively large ilues G G are arranged transversely of and below the different chambers o. a', respectively-that is, the two ilues G G' of the kiln are arranged at opposite sides, respectively, of and preferably at right angles to the wall or partition D of the kiln. Each iiue G G is in open relation by means of holes or perforations g, formed in its top wall,with the flues E below the kiln-chamber above, and consequently is in open relation with said chamber. Flues G G at their outer ends communicate with different iiues H H', respectively, that converge toward the stack or chimney I, and are connected at their meeting ends with said chimney by a short duct K. Duct K is provided with a damper K for controlling communication between iiues H H' and the chimney. A damper H2 is located at the meeting ends of the two iiues H H' and is adapted to interrupt communication between either one of said llues H H' and duct K without interference with the communication between the other flue and said duct K.

By the construction hereinbefore described it will be observed that the products of combustion or heating agent from the furnaces are caused to pass from the upright iues at the rear of said furnaces downwardly through kiln-chamber ct or chamber a', according as a draft from the kiln to the chimney is created through flue H or flue H', and that the products of combustion or heating agent, by a proper manipulation of damper H2, can be passed through the kiln in opposite directions alternately, so that the heating agent is caused to pass up and down alternately through each kiln-chamber and the bricks or ware burned in said chamber-that is, by

chamber for a short interval of time, and then. roo

by manipulating the dampers the draft is re- Versed,so as to cause the heating agent at the bottom or below the floor of the last-mentioned chamber to ascend said chamber, and thence pass over the dividing-wall and downwardly through the first-mentioned chamber for a short interval of time, and then the draft is again reversed, and so on during the operation of the kiln until the burning of the bricks or ware within the kiln is completed. The damper K' within duct K is of course left open during the hereinbefore-described operation of the kiln. By the improved method hereinbefore described and involving an updraft and downdraft alternately through the chambers of the kiln and reversing the draft at short intervals of time the best results are obtained and the bricks or ware in the lower portion and upper portion of said chamber are uniformly burned and the burning of each brick or piece of ware is uniform top and bottom. It will also be observed that the chimney is located centrally between the two kilns; that the two flues H H' of each kiln converge toward the chimney, as alrcadyindicated; that ilues H H of the different kilns converge toward the chimney and are connected together by a Ilue L; that flues H' H' of the kilns also converge toward the chimney and are connected together by a Hue L', and that each iiue L and L' is provided with a damper L2 for controlling communication therethrough.

By the arrangement of kilns and flues just described the space occupied by them is reduced to a minimum andthe heating agent from one of the kilns can be conducted to the other kiln, a continuous draft can be established through the two kilns, and said continuous draft can be reversed at pleasure and an npdraft and a downdraft can be created alternately through the chambers of the kilns. For instance, by closing damper K' of kiln A,inter rupting communication between flue H and duct K of said kiln, closing damper L2 in line L, opening damper L2 in flue L', interrupting communication between flue H' and duct K of kiln A', and opening damper K' of said kiln A' the heating agent from kiln A is transferred to kiln A' and passes upwardly through chamber e' of said kiln A', over the dividing-wall between the two chambers of said kiln A', and then downwardly through chamber a of said kiln A'. (See Fig. 2.) By interrupting communication between iiue H' and duct K of kiln A, closing damper K' of said duct K, closing damper L2 of flue L', opening damper L2 of iue L, interrupting communication between liuc H and du ct K of kiln A', and opening damper K' of said kiln A' the heating agent is transferred from kiln A to kiln A and passes upwardly through chamber a of said kiln A', over the dividingwall between the chambers of said kiln A',

and then downwardly through chamber a' of said kiln A'. Hence it will be observed that in transferring the products of combustion or heating agent from one kiln, after the completion of the burning operation in said kiln,

to the other kiln, one-half of the heating agent of the heat-dischargingkiln can be conducted through the recipient kiln in the one direction and the other half of said heating agent can be conducted through the recipient kiln in the opposite direction, and hence the products of combustion can be conducted upwardly and downwardly alternately through the chambers of said last-mentioned kiln.

By interrupting communication between iue Il' and duct K of kiln A', closing damper K' of said kiln, closing damper L2 of flue L, opening damperL2ofiue L',interrupting communication between flue ll' and duct K of kiln A, and opening damper K' of said kiln A the products of combustion or heat are transferred from kiln A' to kiln A and passes upwardly through chamber d' of said kiln A, over the dividing-wall between the two chambers of said kiln A, and then downwardly through chamber a of said kiln A. Byclosing damper L2 of flue L', interrupting communication between flue H' and duct K of kiln A', closing damper K' 0f said kiln, opening damper L2 of flue L, interrupting communication between flue H and duct K of kiln A, and opening damper K' of said last-mentioned duct the products of combustion or heat are transferred from kiln A' to kiln A and passes upwardly through chamberaof said kiln A, over the dividing-wall between the two chambers of said kiln A', and then downwardly through chamber a' of said kiln A.

It will therefore be observed that by a proper manipulation of the different dampers the heating agent can be passed from kiln A to kiln A', and Vice versa, alternately, in opposite directions, and admirable results are obtained by passing the products of combustion between the two kilns at shortintervals of time and passing them upwardly and downwardly alternately through the different chambers of the kilns.

It will of course be understood thatdampers L2 of fines L and L' are closed in the operation of the kilns independently of each other.

M designates doorways affording access to the chambers of the kilns and closed in any approved manner during the operation of the kilns, and O represents the openings in the tops of the kilns for accommodating the escape of vapors arising during the watersmoking of ware burned in the kilns.

Vhat is claimed is as follows:

l. A circular kiln having two chambers a a' in open relation with each other at the top; tires or furnaces arranged radiallyat intervals entirely around the kiln; upright flues in open relation with the furnaces combustion-chambers and discharging into the kiln; a transversely-arranged wall D for dividing the chambers a a'; lues E arranged parallel with said walland communicating with said chambers a a' by means of holes or perforations in the kiln-floor; two iues G Gr' located below said fines E, each of said llues G G communicating with the flues E by means of IOO IOC,

IIO

holes in its top wall; said flues G G' being arranged at opposite sides and at right angles to the wall D; a chimney; two iiues H H' leading from the flues G G', respectively, and connected with the chimney, and means for interrupting communication between either one of said flues H H' and the chimney without interfering with the communication between the other of said ilues and the chimney, substantiallyas described and for the purpose speciied.

2. Two circular kilns arranged a suitable distance apart, and each comprising fires or furnaces B arranged at intervals entirely around the kiln; upright iues in open relation with the furnaces combustion-chambers and discharging into the kiln; a transverselyarranged wall D for dividing the chamber a a';

iiues E arranged below the floors of the kilnchambers parallel with said wall D and in open relation by means of perforations in the kiln-door with the kiln-chamber above; two flues G G' located below said nues E each iiue G G' communicating with flues E below the i'ioor of the different kiln-chamhersby means of holes in its top wall, and each iiue G G' being arranged at opposite sides and at right angles to said wall D; a chimney; the two flues H H' leading from the different iiues G G' respectively, in combination with a chimney located between the two kilns, said lues H H' converging toward said chimney and communicating therewith, a duct connecting the fiues H H' with the chimney, and dampers for controlling the passage of the products of combustion through the several iues.

3. A circular kiln'having ires or furnaces B arranged at suitable intervals entirely around the kiln; upright iiues C in open relation with the combustionchambers of said furnaces, and discharginginto the kiln; a transverselyarranged wall for dividing the chambers a a', said wall being provided at intervals with ducts d arranged alternately at opposite sides ofthe wall; iiues E arranged below the loor of each kiln-chamber and in open relation at different points with the respective kilnchamber by means of holes or perforations in the kiln-Hoor; two ilues G G' arranged in under flues E and in open relation with said flues E, at different points by means of holes in the top of each flue G G'; iiues H H leading from the outer ends of the different flues G G', respectively, to and converging toward per H2 arranged at the meeting ends of said flues H H' and capable of interrupting communication between either one of said flues and the chimney without interrupting communication between the other of said iues and the chimney, substantially as set forth and described.

4C. Two circular kilns arranged a suitable distance apart, and each of said kilns provided with the following elements: res or furnaces B; upright flues in open relation with the furnaces combustion-chambers and discharging into the kiln; two chambers a a' in open relation with each other at the top; a transversely-arranged wall D for dividing said chambers a a'; flues E located parallel with said wall below the kiln-Hoor and communicating through holes in the oor with the chambers aa'; two ilues G G' arranged below the flues E and at right angles to both the walls D and said flues E, and communicating with the latter by means of holes in the top wall of each flue G G'; in combination with a chimney arranged centrally between the two kilns; two iues H H' leading from the different flues G G' of each kiln to and converging toward said chimney; ashort duct K connecting the ues of each pair of converging` iues H H with the chimney, and provided with a damper K'; a damper H2 arranged at the meeting ends of each pair of converging fiues H H' and capable of interruptin g communication between either one of said converging iiues and the chimney without interrupting communication between the other of said lues and the chimney; the ilue L connecting together the iues H H of the dif' HANNAH THOMAS, Admm'Stratr/x of the estate. of William J.

Thomas. Witnesses:

GEO. W. BETscHER, J As. E. CAMPBELL.

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